When evaluating a reefer trailer, the refrigeration unit's hours are more indicative of condition than the trailer's age. A unit with low hours and documented maintenance is typically worth more than a newer unit with high hours and poor records. Always request the maintenance log and verify the hour meter reading.
- Frame rails straight with no cracks(Critical)
- Crossmembers intact(Critical)
- Floor condition (no rot or holes)(Critical)
- Interior walls clean and undamaged
- Doors seal properly(Critical)
- Landing gear operates smoothly(Critical)
- Kingpin within wear limits(Critical)
- All marker and clearance lights functional(Critical)
- Brake system functional(Critical)
- Tires with adequate tread(Critical)
- Unit starts and runs without unusual noises(Critical)
- No visible refrigerant leaks(Critical)
- Condenser coils clean and undamaged
- Evaporator coils in good condition
- Belts (if equipped) in good condition
- Unit mounting secure(Critical)
- Control panel functional(Critical)
- No error codes displayed(Critical)
- Air circulation proper throughout box(Critical)
- Unit reaches set temperature within reasonable time(Critical)
- Temperature maintains under load simulation(Critical)
- Temperature recorder or data logger functional
- Defrost cycle operates correctly(Critical)
- Multi-temp zones work independently (if equipped)(Critical)
- Door switches function (unit cycles on door open)
- Total engine hours recorded(Critical)
- Maintenance log available(Critical)
- Last service date and details(Critical)
- Major repairs documented(Critical)
- Compressor replacement history (if any)(Critical)
- Refrigerant type and last charge date
- Fuel tank in good condition (no leaks)(Critical)
- Fuel lines secure and undamaged(Critical)
- Fuel filter recently replaced
- Fuel gauge accurate
- Fuel cap seals properly
- Electric defrost elements functional(Critical)
- Defrost timer or sensor working(Critical)
- Drain lines clear(Critical)
- No ice buildup in evaporator area(Critical)
What to Ask the Seller
Reefer units have unique considerations. These questions help reveal the true condition and history of the refrigeration system.
- What is the current hour meter reading on the reefer unit?
- When was the last compressor service or replacement?
- Do you have the complete maintenance log for the reefer unit?
- What refrigerant type is this unit using?
- Has the unit ever had refrigerant leak repairs?
- When was the last professional servicing of the unit?
- Are there any error codes in the unit's history?
- Will you demonstrate a full cool-down cycle before sale?
Decision Guide: Evaluating Reefer Issues
Then: Low hours are only valuable with documentation. Without records, assume worst-case maintenance and price accordingly.
Then: Compressor replacement resets much of the value equation. Verify the work with documentation and consider it a positive if done by authorized dealer.
Then: This indicates refrigerant issues, compressor wear, or airflow problems. Do not accept until diagnosed. Repair costs can be significant.
Then: Review the error history carefully. Resolved codes for minor issues are acceptable. Repeated compressor or refrigerant codes suggest chronic problems.
Then: Multi-temp units cost more and have more components to fail. If you do not need multi-temp, you are paying for complexity you will not use.
Real-World Reefer Scenarios
Situation:
Private sale, asking price is mid-market. Seller is a small fleet liquidating older equipment.
Inspection Findings:
Unit starts and runs. Temperature drops appropriately. Maintenance log shows regular oil changes but no major work documented. Hour meter reads 12,400.
Decision:
This is a reasonable candidate at mid-market pricing. The hours are moderate and service history shows regular maintenance. However, at 12,000+ hours, budget for potential compressor work within 3-5 years.
Situation:
Dealer selling 2016 unit with 22,000 hours. Price is below market. Dealer claims recent overhaul.
Inspection Findings:
Unit has new compressor receipt (6 months old). New belts, hoses. Unit reaches temperature quickly. Evaporator and condenser coils clean.
Decision:
High hours are offset by documented overhaul. At below-market price, this could be a value buy for a budget-conscious operator. Verify the overhaul paperwork is legitimate.
Frequently Asked Questions
The refrigeration unit runs independently of vehicle miles. A 5-year-old trailer with 20,000 hours has far more wear on the reefer than one with 8,000 hours. Hours directly correlate to engine and compressor wear.
Most commercial reefer units last 15,000 to 25,000 hours with proper maintenance. Units approaching 20,000 hours may need major component replacement (compressor, engine).
Cross-reference with maintenance records. Major services (5,000 hour intervals) should be documented. Inconsistencies between records and meter readings are a red flag.
Most modern units use R-404A or R-452A. Older units may use R-22 (phased out). R-404A is being phased down under environmental regulations, which may affect future operating costs.
A compressor replacement typically costs between $4,000 and $8,000 including parts and labor at an authorized service center. This is the single largest repair expense on a reefer unit.
Electric standby allows the reefer to run on shore power when parked, saving diesel. It is valuable if you frequently stage trailers at docks overnight or need to maintain temperature without running the diesel engine.
Activate the defrost cycle from the control panel and verify the heating elements warm up. Check that drain lines are clear. Poor defrost leads to ice buildup and temperature control issues.
Most units consume 0.5 to 1.0 gallons per hour depending on ambient temperature, setpoint, and load. Factor fuel costs into your operating budget, especially for long hauls.